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1.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 82(supl.4): 1-56, nov. 2022. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1405761

ABSTRACT

Resumen El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye la principal causa de discapacidad de origen neuro- lógico en los adultos mayores a 40 años y la cuarta causa de muerte en Argentina. En los últimos diez años las publicaciones indexadas relacionadas al tratamiento del ACV isquémico fueron más numerosas que las de ACV hemorrágico. El objetivo de este material es proporcionar recomendaciones locales y actualiza- das del abordaje de pacientes con hematoma intraparenquimatoso espontáneo durante la internación. Para la redacción de este manuscrito se convocó a especialistas en esta enfermedad que conformaron grupos de trabajo. Se plantearon 10 tópicos centrales expresados como epidemiologia, atención inicial, imágenes, tratamiento de la presión arterial, reversión de antitrombóticos, indicación de cirugía, profilaxis anticonvulsivante, pronóstico, prevención de complicaciones y reinicio de antitrombóticos. De cada tópico se plantearon mediante preguntas PICO los interrogantes más frecuentes de la práctica diaria. Luego de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se generaron recomendaciones evaluadas mediante sistema GRADE y consensuadas entre autores y pacientes.


Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in people over 40 years of age and the fourth leading cause of death in Argentina. In the last ten years, the indexed publications related to the treatment of ischemic stroke were more numerous than those of hemorrhagic stroke. The objective of this material is to provide local and updated recommendations for the management of patients with spontaneous intracere- bral hemorrhage during hospitalization. For the writing of this manuscript, diferent specialists were convened to form working groups. Ten central topics expressed as epidemiology, initial care, imaging, blood pressure treatment, reversal of antithrombotics, indication for surgery, seizure prophylaxis, prognosis, prevention of complications and resumption of antithrombotics were raised. For each topic, the most frequent questions of daily practice were raised through PICO questions. After a systematic review of the literature, recommendations were generated, evaluated using the GRADE system and agreed between authors and patients.

2.
Colomb. med ; 53(2): e2034500, Jan.-June 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1404387

ABSTRACT

Abstract Introduction: Triphasic waves (TW) constitute an electroencephalographic pattern associated with certain kinds of encephalopathy. Brain atrophy may be a predisposing factor linked with TW. Objective: To compare the degree of brain atrophy and white matter disease between patients with acute encephalopathy with and without TW. Methods: A retrospective observational study including adult patients with encephalopathy, with and without TW, hospitalized between 2016 and 2017. The degree of brain atrophy and white matter lesion were defined using the Global Cortical Atrophy and Age Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC) scales, respectively. Scores were compared between groups. Mortality rates were registered. Results: Sixteen patients with TW were identified matched by age and sex with 30 patients without TW. The mean age was 80 years in the TW group. Women represented 87.5%. Multifactorial encephalopathy was the most frequent diagnosis followed by metabolic encephalopathy. Patients with TW had more brain atrophy (10.43 vs 6.9, p= 0.03). Mean ARWMC was 9.43±6.5 and 8.5 ±7.89 in patients with and without TW respectively (p= 0.5). Mortality rate was higher in the TW group (31.25 vs 6.66% p= 0.02). Conclusions: Patients with acute encephalopathy and TW had higher degree of cerebral atrophy. It is possible that this structural alteration predisposes to the appearance of TW. There was no significant difference in white matter lesion degree. The mortality of the TW group was high, so future studies are necessary to determine their prognostic value.


Resumen Introducción: Las ondas trifásicas (OT) constituyen un patrón electroencefalográfico asociado con diversas encefalopatías. La atrofia cerebral podría predisponer a su aparición. Objetivo: Comparar el grado de atrofia cerebral y de lesión de sustancia blanca en pacientes con encefalopatía aguda con y sin OT. Métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, incluyó pacientes adultos con encefalopatía aguda con y sin OT internados entre 2016 y 2019. El grado de atrofia cerebral y de lesión de sustancia blanca se definieron según las escalas Global Cortical Atrophy y Age Related White Matter Changes (ARWMC), respectivamente. Se compararon los puntajes entre grupos. Se registró la mortalidad. Resultados: Se identificaron 16 pacientes con OT y 30 sin OT pareados según edad y sexo. La edad promedio del grupo con OT fue 80 años. El 87.5% fueron mujeres. La encefalopatía multifactorial fue el diagnóstico más frecuente seguido de la encefalopatía metabólica. El grado de atrofia fue mayor en pacientes con OT (10.43 vs 6.9, p= 0.03). El puntaje ARWMC fue 9.43 ±6.5 y 8.5 ±7.89 en pacientes con y sin OT respectivamente (p= 0.5). La mortalidad fue mayor en el grupo con OT (31.25 vs 6.66% p= 0.02). Conclusiones: Pacientes con encefalopatía aguda y OT tuvieron mayor grado de atrofia cerebral. Dicha alteración estructural podría relacionarse con la aparición de OT. No hubo diferencias significativas en el grado de lesión de sustancia blanca. La mortalidad del grupo con OT fue elevada. Son necesarios estudios para determinar su valor pronóstico.

3.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 79(supl.2): 1-46, mayo 2019. ilus, graf, map
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1012666

ABSTRACT

El accidente cerebrovascular es la tercera causa de muerte y la primera de discapacidad en la Argentina. Los eventos isquémicos constituyen el 80% de los casos. Los accidentes vasculares cerebrales requieren la implementación de protocolos sistematizados que permitan reducir los tiempos en la atención, la morbilidad y mortalidad. En el consenso participaron especialistas de nueve sociedades médicas relacionadas con la atención de pacientes con enfermedad cerebrovascular. Se consensuó un temario separado en capítulos y para la redacción de los mismos se conformaron grupos de trabajo con miembros de diferentes especialidades médicas. Se discutió y acordó para cada tema el nivel de recomendación en base a la mejor evidencia clínica disponible para cada tópico. Se realizó una adaptación al ámbito local de las recomendaciones cuando se consideró necesario. El sistema de la American Heart Association se utilizó para redactar las recomendaciones y su grado de evidencia. La corrección y edición fue realizada por cinco revisores externos, que no participaron en la redacción y con amplia experiencia en enfermedad vascular. Finalizado el documento preliminar, se organizó una reunión general con todos los integrantes de los grupos de trabajo y los revisores para redactar las recomendaciones definitivas. El consenso abarca la atención del paciente con accidente cerebrovascular isquémico en la fase pre-hospitalaria, evaluación inicial en la central de emergencias, terapias de recanalización (trombolisis y/o trombectomía mecánica), craniectomía descompresiva, neuroimágenes y cuidados clínicos en la internación.


Stroke is the third cause of death and the first cause of disability in Argentina. Ischemic events constitute 80% of cases. It requires the implementation of systematized protocols that allow reducing the time of care, morbidity and mortality. Specialists from nine medical societies related to the care of patients with cerebrovascular disease participated in the consensus. A separate agenda was agreed upon in chapters and for the writing of them, work groups were formed with members of different medical specialties. The level of recommendation was discussed and agreed upon for each topic based on the best clinical evidence available for each of them. An adaptation to the local scope of the recommendations was made when it was considered necessary.The American Heart Association system was used to draft the recommendations and their level of evidence. The correction and editing were done by five external reviewers, who did not participate in the writing and with extensive experience in vascular pathology. Once the preliminary document was finalized, a general meeting was held with all the members of the working groups and the reviewers to reach final recommendations. The consensus covers the management of ischemic stroke in the pre-hospital phase, initial evaluation in the emergency center, recanalization therapies (thrombolysis and/ or mechanical thrombectomy), decompressive craniectomy, neuroimaging and clinical care in the hospital.


Subject(s)
Humans , Brain Ischemia/diagnosis , Brain Ischemia/therapy , Brain Ischemia/epidemiology , Stroke/diagnosis , Stroke/therapy , Stroke/epidemiology , Argentina
4.
Arq. neuropsiquiatr ; 74(1): 50-54, Jan. 2016. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-772603

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT We analyzed demographic, clinical and genetic characteristics of juvenile Huntington disease (JHD) and it frequency in an Argentinean cohort. Age at onset was defined as the age at which behavioral, cognitive, psychiatric or motor abnormalities suggestive of JHD were first reported. Clinical and genetic data were similar to other international series, however, in this context we identified the highest JHD frequency reported so far (19.72%; 14/71). Age at onset of JHD is challenging and still under discussion. Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that clinical manifestations, other than the typical movement disorder, may anticipate age at onset of even many years. Analyses of JHD cohorts are required to explore it frequency in populations with different backgrounds to avoid an underestimation of this rare phenotype. Moreover, data from selected populations may open new pathways in therapeutic approaches and may explain new potential correlations between HD presentations and environmental or biological factors.


RESUMO Foram analisadas as características demográficas, clínicas e genéticas de doença de Huntington juvenil (JHD) e na freqüência em uma coorte argentino. A idade de início foi definida como a idade em que distúrbios comportamentais, cognitivos, psiquiátricos ou anormalidades motoras sugestivas de JHD foram relatada pela primeira vez. Os dados clínicos e genéticos foram semelhantes aos de outras séries internacionais, no entanto, neste contexto identificamos a maior freqüência de JHD relatados até agora (19,72%; 14/71). A idade de início de JHD é um desafio ainda em discussão. Nossos resultados reforçam a hipótese de que as manifestações clínicas, além do transtorno de movimento típico, pode antecipar a idade de início em muitos anos. As análises de coortes de JHD são obrigados a explorar frequências em populações com diferentes formações, para evitar uma subestimação deste fenótipo raro. Além disso, os dados de populações selecionadas podem abrir novos caminhos em abordagens terapêuticas e pode explicar novas correlações potenciais entre apresentações de HD e fatores ambientais ou biológicas.


Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Child Behavior Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Huntington Disease/epidemiology , Movement Disorders/epidemiology , Age of Onset , Argentina/epidemiology , Huntington Disease/genetics , Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics , Retrospective Studies
6.
Medicina (B.Aires) ; 69(2): 253-258, mar.-abr. 2009. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-633630

ABSTRACT

La apatía es uno de los síntomas "no motores" más importantes de la Enfermedad de Parkinson (EP). Su prevalencia en EP oscila entre 20 y 45%. El objetivo de nuestro trabajo fue establecer la prevalencia de apatía en pacientes con EP y su relación con depresión y trastornos en las funciones ejecutivas. Se evaluaron 57 pacientes con EP (54% mujeres), con una edad promedio de 68.7 años y una duración promedio de enfermedad de 7.5 años. Se utilizaron las siguientes escalas: UPDRS, Hoehn & Yahr, Mini Mental State Examination, Escala de Apatía de 14 ítem (EA), Inventario de Depresión de Beck, Trail Making Test (TMT) A y B y Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL). El 31.6% de los pacientes presentaban apatía; en el 33.3% de los apáticos este síntoma se presentó en ausencia de depresión. Alteraciones en el TMT A y B se observaron en 66.7% y 83.3% respectivamente de los pacientes apáticos contra el 46.2% y 61.5% de los no apáticos. La calidad de vida fue afectada en los pacientes apáticos. La apatía en EP es frecuente en esta población, ejerce un impacto negativo sobre la calidad de vida de los pacientes y puede ocurrir en ausencia de depresión. Las alteraciones del TMT en los pacientes apáticos sugerirían una posible relación entre apatía y las alteraciones de las funciones ejecutivas, probablemente por compromiso de circuitos fronto-subcorticales.


Apathy is one of the most prominent non-motor symptoms in Parkinson Disease (PD). Its range of prevalence in PD has been estimated in 20 to 45%. The objective of this work is to assess the prevalence of apathy in PD patients, and its relation with depression and executive function impairment. Fifty seven PD patients (54% women), mean age of 68.7 years, and a disease duration of 7.5 years from diagnosis were included. We used the following scales: UPDRS, Hoehn & Yahr, Mini Mental State Examination, the 14-item Apathy Scale (AS), the Beck Depression Inventory, and Trail Making Test versions A and B (TMT), and Parkinson's Disease Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL). Apathy was identified in 31.6%; apathy without depression was present in 33.3% of patients. The TMT A and B were abnormal in 66.7% and 83.3% respectively of the apathetic patients vs. 46.2% and 61.5% in nonapathetic patients. Quality of life was impaired in apathetic patients. In our PD sample apathy is highly prevalent, has a great impact on quality of life and it may occur in the absence of depression. The alterations of TMT in apathetic patients contributes to suggest a positive relationship between apathy and the impairment of executive function secondary to the involvement of frontal-subcortical circuits.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cognition Disorders/psychology , Depression/psychology , Executive Function/physiology , Parkinson Disease/psychology , Quality of Life , Argentina/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/epidemiology , Cognition Disorders/physiopathology , Depression/physiopathology , Personality Inventory , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Statistics, Nonparametric , Trail Making Test
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